In April, 4th grade students examine the printed "Real Fact" statements on Snapple caps and considered:
* Which information "providers" would be able to give us information to verify each individual "Real Fact"? (INFORMATION PROVIDER)
* Where would such information providers delivery/convey the knowledge? (CONTAINER/LOCATION OF INFORMATION)
Here is a sample set of answers to a few different "Real Fact"s.
For statements on animals such as
"Real Fact" #110 - Frogs Never Drink. and "Real Fact"#714 - A camel can drink 25 gallons of water in less than three minutes.
The students nominated Vets, Scientists, Zoologists, People who work at Zoos, Enviromental Protection people, Natural Specialists, etc. as potential experts as their Information Providers. And specilaized websites and books (such as nationalgeographics.com) might serve as good Information Containers.
For "Real Fact" #827 - Your skull is made up of 29 different bones.
Students decided that biologists, doctors, and scientists would know the information and specialized websites, hospital, hospital websites, books, educational films, magazines, etc. would contain reliable information.
For "Real Fact" #143 - "Q" is the only letter in the alphabet not appearing in the name of any U.S. state.
The students realized that they can serve as the reliable information provider, as long as they obtain an accurate list of all 50 states and examine every state name. They also noted that in order to verify the notion of "only," they have to also investigate every single other letters in the alphabet against the list of state names.
For "Real Fact" #897: The Mayflower only held 102 People. (Discontinued?)
Since the 4th grade students just recently studied this history, they all knew that it is true. However, they had a lively debate over whether "Pilgrims" themselves are valid information providers since they all died a long time ago. We came to the conclusion that, of course they were the original information provider -- without someone from the Mayflower counting and recording the number of people on the ship, no historians could have known of this fact and we wouldn't have known this information today. The container of this informaion could be a book, a diary, or a website devoted to pilgrim or American history.
For "Real Fact" #327 - Chewing gum was invented in New York City in 1870 by Thomas Adams.
We noted that this is one fact with three distinct components: the person who invented the Chewing Gum, the place it was invented, and the year. If any one of these facts is inaccurate, it invalidates the entire statement.
The students decided that Gum making companies such as Orbit or Trident might employ experts of the gum history. Historians might know about this as well. They proposed that perhaps a record book from 1870s or the website of the gum company might contain the correct information.
For "Real Fact" #855 - Oregon has more ghost towns than any other US state.
Students had a hard time figuring out who might know this fact. They proposed: people who live near or in Oregon, tourists to Oregon, scientists, etc. We discussed what a "Ghost Town" is and realized that perhaps some government officials who take care of population might be able to verify this information. However, as the word "only," "most" indicates that we have to verify all other states and the number of ghost towns in each state in order to truly verify this statement.